Colorectal cancer^(17,21)
(This medical condition is not specifically related to pregnancy or delivery.)

What is cancer in general?

Cancer is a disease mainly characterized by uncontrolled and disorganized cell growth in the tissue. There are two types of growths: benign and malignant. The benign type is more organized and generally not dangerous as opposed to malignant growth (cancer), which can spread from its original site to other parts of the body. The cells, which divide and build up out of control, consume vital nutrition from normal body tissues.

What is colorectal cancer?

Cancer that grows in the tissue of the colon is called colon cancer. Cancer that grows in the tissue of rectum is called rectal cancer. Cancers affecting either of these organs may also be called colorectal cancer.

How dangerous is colorectal cancer?

It is the third most common cancer (after lung, breast/prostate), and the second most common cancer death.

What are the predisposing factors for colorectal cancer?

• Most patients have no specific risk factors. However, in rare cases, there is a genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer [such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)]. In these rare cases colorectal cancer may occur across a number of generations and is usually present before age 40.
• For colorectal cancers that are not linked to heredity or genetic factors, the dominant risk factor is age greater than 50 years with the mean age being 70 years.
• Other predisposing factors include an underlying disease such as inflammatory bowel disease (especially ulcerative colitis). In these disorders, the risk of colorectal cancer is related to the age when the disease started and its duration.
• A diet high in animal protein (red meat), fat, and low in fiber intake is a contributing factor to colorectal cancer.
• Smoking is related to increased risks for colorectal cancer.

Discuss your personal predisposing factors with your health care professional.

What are the important warning signs of colorectal cancer?

• Rectal bleeding or blood in stool
• Change in bowel habits (constipation)
• An urgent need to have bowel movement without the significant production of stools
• Weakness
• Weight loss

If these symptoms are present, consult your health care professional.

Do these signs always suggest cancer?

No. In the vast majority of cases, hemorrhoids or anal fissures will be the cause of rectal bleeding or blood in the stools. However, if you have rectal bleeding, treat it seriously and consult your health care professional immediately.

How can colorectal cancer be prevented?

Some risk factors are out of one's control, such as age, family history of cancer or having a specific disease. However, there are risk factors that can be controlled by behavioural changes such as the following:

• A healthy daily diet with increased fiber consumption, decreased animal fat and red meat;
• Not smoking;
• Exercising regularly;
• Regular physical exams with your health care professional.